Arrigo Minerbi Sculptor. Between Ferrara and the Italian culture of the early twentieth century.


Review of the exhibition "Arrigo Minerbi: the Real Ideal between Art Nouveau and Classicism," curated by Chiara Vorrasi (Ferrara, Castello Estense, from July 8 to December 26, 2023).

From Saturday, July 8, the cool noble halls of Ferrara’s Castello Estense welcome visitors to the superb exhibition dedicated to Arrigo Minerbi (Ferrara, 1881 - Padua, 1960), a distinguished prince of early 20th-century Italian sculpture and a personal metaphor - if we can put it that way - of the complex vicissitude of a culture with unequivocal Mediterranean roots that had to deal with crises and evasions, theoretical and formal, around two shattering wars but without ever abandoning the search for the absolute that remains fundamentally the structure of every open spirit. With happy centrality, in fact, the title of the event declares “The True Ideal Between Art Nouveau and Classicism.”

The exhibition is a further fruit of this very active season in the ducal city, which is leading a critical renaissance of the highest commitment, on which it has composed an organic and excellent staff of scholars and expert collaborators, and where it has also spread an active network of restorations and recompositions on its incomparable palaces. Synchronized engines of this are the City Council and the “Ferrara Arte Foundation” chaired - we would miss it - by Vittorio Sgarbi.



Why Minerbi? Because he was born and trained in the prodigious city of Este and then enriched by systematic work with numerous experiences at various artistic workshops - Florence, Genoa, Milan - and above all because he stands well within the very rich world of ideality which sees on the literary scene Pascoli and D’Annunzio but also Ungaretti, Saba, Montale, and on the artistic scene sees Fattori, all the Tuscans, Sartorio, Chini, Bistolfi, Wildt, Medardo Rosso, Graziosi, and then Casorati, Campigli, Carrà, Funi, Previati, Sironi and Oppi, with others; preserving in his own background baggage and prosody the fluent genetics of the great masters of the Italian Renaissance.

The need to have a confrontation with plastic art in Ferrara today is due precisely to the role that a sculptor-master, even in the lesser propaganda of his mode of operation, powerfully holds. Who is the sculptor? A figurative artist who-unlike the painter-has before him only two closed, and fearsome elements: the pool of motionless clay, and the formless block of marble; both as a challenge, both awaiting a complex technical wisdom, entrusted to the toil and acrimony of the hands, to the excavation of strange tools. The sculptor is an artist who will have to enclose in a solitary still presence every value: ethical, poetic, memorial, sweet or strong, prehensile to the soul and capable of overriding all temporality. He is the man of every “monimentum” where an unalterable instant is reflected, a supersensible will, and even an entire civilization. Arrigo Minerbi has fulfilled that task with sovereign silence in his works, with the perfect possession of form that consecrates every true sculptor.

Seeing the exhibition at the Estense Castle today, rich as it is with an unmissable catalog, provides us with an enrichment that words can define with much difficulty. Let us try to follow it by reasons, choosing certain images within the very rich harvest on display. The happy notice is that certain works by coeval sculptors and paintings by the above-mentioned painters are precisely placed in parallel with Minerbi’s path, so as to give in continuity the cultural panorama of the early twentieth century, rich certainly and always to be reevaluated.

Arrigo Minerbi, The Communion (1921; marble; Ferrara, former Arcispedale Sant'Anna)
Arrigo Minerbi, The Communion (1921; marble; Ferrara, former Arcispedale Sant’Anna)
Arrigo Minerbi, The Weeping Flower (1922; cast; Ferrara, Gallerie d'arte moderna e contemporanea)
Arrigo Minerbi, The weeping of the flower (1922; cast; Ferrara, Gallerie d’arte moderna e contemporanea)
We want to begin Minerbi’s presentation with two compositions of extreme care and intense spiritual charge, signs of an authentic maturity and of a character deeply inclined to the author’s intrinsic identification with his subjects. Here is the total intimacy of motherhood in the very act of generation and its instinctive defense. And here is the beauty of the blossoming of life, but which can also be lost.
It
is chosen as the very logo of the exhibition; the sculptor conveys to us its perfect harmony in the youthful nude and its transfiguring musicality
.
Arrigo Minerbi, Victory of the Piave (1917; Ligurian stone; Private collection)
Arrigo Minerbi, Vittoria del Piave (1917; Ligurian stone; Private collection)
Arrigo Minerbi, Victory of the Piave (1917-1918; plaster; Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Victory of the Piave (1917-1918; plaster; Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
Dating back to the sculptor’s earliest public appearances are these two versions of a “Victory of the Piave” that are united in research by a severity and suffering that have nothing to do with accents of satisfaction. Victory is the fruit of exhaustion and death, as in any war, and Minerbi’s figurative interruption is filled with an existential bitterness that exudes sorrow above all
.
Arrigo Minerbi, Monumental Triptych of Cesare Battisti (1917-1919; bronze and marble; Trent, Fondazione del Museo storico del Trentino). The figures are of the Soldier, the Apostle and the Martyr.
Arrigo Minerbi, Cesare Battisti’s Monumental Triptych (1917-1919; bronze and marble; Trento, Fondazione del Museo storico del Trentino).
The
figures are of the Soldier, the Apostle, and the Martyr
.
From the Triptych monumental figure of the Apostle
From the Triptych monumental figure of the Apostle.
Solemn memorial to the patriotic ideal and the germinal, supreme force of will. An unparalleled tribute to the sacrifice of Cesare Battisti, which includes that to all combatants
.
Arrigo Minerbi, Annunciata (1920; plaster, 158 x 59.5 x 71 cm; Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Annunciata (1920; plaster, 158 x 59.5 x 71 cm; Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Annunciata, detail of marble (1920; Private collection)
Arrigo Minerbi, Annunciata, marble detail (1920; Private collection)
In the year of peace after the tremendous First World War Arrigo Minerbi knows how to collect himself in a total, biblical and transcendent meditation. In front of this sublime figure, alone, encompassing and aware of the superhuman “kairos,” that is, of the event that is fulfilled in her, Vittorio Sgarbi at the presentation prostrated himself as a cogitating anchorite immediately enveloped in the silence of the immense mystery, and cried out to the shuddering of the invisible light. Here indeed Minerbi, like Antonello, achieves the “nec lingua valet dicere” and the "nihil cogitatur dulcius
."
Arrigo Minerbi, Pieta (1935; marble; Valdagno, Marzotto Tomb)
Arrigo Minerbi, Pieta (1935; marble; Valdagno, Marzotto Tomb)
Arrigo Minerbi, Mystery of the Assumption (1941; marble; Milan, Santa Maria delle Grazie)
Arrigo Minerbi, Mystery of the Assumption (1941; marble; Milan, Santa Maria delle Grazie)
Great sacred compositions: one certainly linked to Michelangelo’s magisterium and not afraid of direct comparison; the other extraordinarily more complex and referring to a theological mystery that Minerbi declines with passionate and singular research, up to the redemption of Eve who here rejects the serpent
.
Arrigo Minerbi, Spring Morning (1919; marble; Rome, National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Spring Morning (1919; marble; Rome, National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Apple Thief (Botticino marble, 100 x 50 cm; Private collection)
Arrigo Minerbi, Apple Thief (Botticino marble, 100 x 50 cm; Private collection)
Almost as if to prove the artist’s freedom we place here two loose statuary proofs, distant from each other in terms of date of execution but certainly flowing from an inner delight, almost exercises of true freshness. Most notable is the “Spring Morning,” which the still young artist dedicates to the obligatory paradigm of every sculptor: the female nude in open Hellenistic motion, flexed in free space. On the other hand, in advanced maturity, the unexpected play of a gaudy body, drawn from a marble seldom intended for sculpture, and perhaps for this reason more joyful
.
Arrigo Minerbi, Paola (1921; plaster, Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Paola (1921; plaster, Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Gabriella (1923; marble; Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
Arrigo Minerbi, Gabriella (1923; marble; Ferrara, Museum of Modern Art)
I volti che quasi si rispondono, both executed in the quiet years when the expression of faces was proposed as very important, in the D’Annunzio climate of poetry and theater. Paola, whose marble could not participate in the review, is an open reference to Desiderio da Settignano, but also to Medardo Rosso in the difficult but wonderful childlike smile. The beautiful marble bust of “Gabriella” opens to us the world of Eleonora Duse, whose portrait is also in the exhibition, and Gabriele D’Annunzio, who bonded in intense friendship with Arrigo Minerbi
.
Arrigo Minerbi, Saint Cecilia (1940; plaster; from the Scotti tomb in Cesano Maderno) Arrigo Minerbi,
Saint Cecilia (1940; plaster; from the Scotti tomb in Cesano Maderno)
Arrigo Minerbi, Head of Saint Cecilia (1940; marble; Ro Ferrarese, Cavallini Sgarbi Foundation)
Arrigo Minerbi, Head of St. Cecilia (1940; marble; Ro Ferrarese, Cavallini Sgarbi Foundation)
In this simple funerary engagement the artist spontaneously pours out his soul always striving for immediate poetry, for spiritual truth. The organ pipes make up for a harmony perceived by the heart. On such a work Minerbi wrote: “My Santa Cecilia is all inner music. It is music in her strings. It is God singing to her inside.”
Arrigo Minerbi, First hearth (1941; terracotta chimney hood; G. E. Sperone Collection)
Arrigo Minerbi, First Hearth (1941; terracotta fireplace mantle; G. E. Sperone Collection)
Arrigo Minerbi, The Two Innocents (1942; marble; private collection)
Arrigo Minerbi, The Two Innocents (1942; marble; Private Collection)
It is here in the fireplace mantle that the popular, authentic version rests in the immediacy of primal life; the mantle is an outpouring of the artist’s impoverished childhood, but sublimated lyrically by the poetry of life and especially by the balanced composition and modeling of classical perfection. The two innocents surround our hearts and steal from the statuary marble an unforgettable tenderness
.
Arrigo Minerbi, St. Francis, from the Cusini Tomb (1928; Milan, Monumental Cemetery)
Arrigo Minerbi, Saint Francis, from the Cusini Tomb (1928; Milan, Monumental Cemetery)
Arrigo Minerbi, Constantine's Gate (1936-1948; bronze; Milan, Duomo)
Arrigo Minerbi, Constantine’s Gate (1936-1948; bronze; Milan, Duomo)
These are Christian religious subjects, which the sculptor always loved. In the “Cusini wayside shrine” within the Monumental Cemetery in Milan, our Arrigo Minerbi staged St. Francis’ Sermon to the Birds with a theatrical richness and naturalistic immediacy that still arouse admiration. The great bronze masterpiece of the “Constantine’s Gate,” commissioned by Cardinal Ildefonso Schuster then discontinued because of racial laws, crowns the sculptor as a creator of great monumental works. His culture holds up beautifully to a theme of superhistoric value, and the magna porta, dense with meaning, still sings the merit of the Ferrarese sculptor
.

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